
President Mugabe, Morgan Tsvangirai and Arthur Mutambara signed the deal that allows the creation of a new coalition government that Zimbabweans hope will end the current political and economic crisis in the country. The deal was signed in Harare yesterday.
Robert Mugabe remains the President and head of state, Morgan Tsvangirai is the new Prime Minister and Arthur Mutambara becomes deputy prime minister.
But what else is in the power-sharing agreement?
There is no doubt this agreement will only be meaningful to Zimbabweans if it brings change and better way of life than what we have been subjected to over the past years under Robert Mugabe's administration.
1. There will be two vice-presidents from Zanu PF. Robert Mugabe's party retains the two posts that were created following the 1987 Unity Accord between Zanu and Zapu. There will be two deputy prime ministers, one from Morgan Tsvangirai's MDC and the one from Arthur Mutambara's MDC.
2. Zimbabwe will have a cabinet of 31 ministers, 15 minsters from Zanu PF, 13 from Tsvangirai's MDC and three from Mutambara's MDC.
3. There will be 15 deputy ministers, eight from Zanu PF, six from Tsvangirai's MDC and one from Mutambara's MDC.
Here is an extract from the state controlled Herald paper on some of the main points of the agreement.
According to the agreement, the President shall chair Cabinet, exercise executive authority, can — subject to the Constitution — declare war and make peace and can proclaim or terminate martial law.
This means that the President remains Commander-in-Chief of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces.
The President shall also chair the National Security Council, shall appoint the two Vice Presidents, the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Ministers, ministers and their deputies "pending the enactment of Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment Number 19 as agreed by the parties".
The President could also "in consultation with the Prime Minister dissolve Parliament", and "must be kept fully informed by the Prime Minister on the general conduct of Government business".
The agreement also states that President Mugabe retains the authority to accredit, receive and recognise diplomatic agents and consular officers and appoint independent Constitutional Commissions and other service and executive commissions.
The authority to make the above appointments means that the President effectively remains the Head of State.
The Prime Minister will also exercise executive authority, chair the Council of Ministers and be the Deputy Chair of Cabinet.
"(The Prime Minister) shall oversee the formulation of Government policies by the Cabinet (and) . . . shall ensure that the Ministers develop appropriate implementation plans to give effect to the policies decided by Cabinet.
"In this regard, the Ministers will report to the Prime Minister on all issues relating to the implementation of such policies and plans."
Mr Tsvangirai will additionally be responsible for ensuring the necessary legislation to enable Government to carry out its duties and shall be a member of the National Security Council.
The Prime Minister, therefore, becomes the leader of Government business in Parliament.
The Prime Minister will be required to report regularly to the President and Parliament.
"To ensure that the Prime Minister properly discharges his responsibility to oversee the implementation of the work of Government, there shall be a Council of Ministers consisting of all Cabinet Ministers," the agreement reads.
The Council of Ministers will assess the implementation of Cabinet decisions and assist the Prime Minister, and make progress reports to Cabinet on policy implementation, among other responsibilities.
Three Cabinet ministers — one each per party — may be appointed from outside the Members of Parliament.
"The three Ministers so appointed shall become Members of the House of Assembly and shall have the right to sit, speak and debate in Parliament, but shall not be entitled to vote."
Apart from the five Senators that President Mugabe is constitutionally allowed to appoint, the three parties will nominate a further three each to be appointed by the President.
The parties agreed that for the next year starting from the signing day, there shall be no by-elections if or
when parliamentary seats fall vacant since elections by their nature are confrontational.
The parties agreed that "only the party holding that seat prior to vacancy occurring shall be entitled to nominate and field a candidate in that (vacant) constituency".
In effect, this means no seats in Parliament or in any local authority will change hands until this time next year.
A Joint Monitoring and Implementation Committee to be composed of four senior members from Zanu-PF and four senior members from each of the two MDC formations will oversee the implementation of the agreement.
On the economic side, the parties agreed to prioritise stability and growth through the creation of a National Economic Council.
Zanu-PF and the two MDC formations unanimously agreed that sanctions were hurting the economy, saying that "all forms of measures and sanctions against Zimbabwe be lifted in order to facilitate a sustainable solution to the challenges that are currently facing Zimbabwe".
Like many other Zimbabweans I had hopes and dreams when I was going to school, my parents worked so hard to send me to school. Those hopes and dreams were shuttered by the Robert Mugabe regime when I had just started working and was forced to spend the last few years as an economic refugee in a foreign country. My only wish now is that this agreement brings an end to all the troubles that we are currently experiencing.
I look forward to a people's government, a government which put people first. I look forward to go back to a better Zimbabwe. Is this agreement the answer to our troubles? Only time will tell.
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